Bariatric surgery
What is Bariatric Surgery?
The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent decades, and obesity is now one of the leading public health concerns on a worldwide scale. It is accepted that bariatric surgery is probably the most successful and enduring cure for clinically severe obesity and, as a result, the number of bariatric surgery operations conducted in recent years has grown significantly.
You may have learned the words gastric tube, gastric bypass and gastric band are ways of bariatric or weight loss surgery when it comes to encouraging patients with weight loss surgery. People who are severely obese also have health issues associated with them, such as type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and sleep apnoea.
Bariatric surgery can help people lose weight and improve those problems by making changes to the digestive system. It can make the stomach smaller or change the small intestine so it absorbs fewer calories. People with severe obesity who have been unable to lose weight or keep weight off may be candidates. Bariatric surgery has risks and benefits so it's important to talk to your doctor first before taking up any treatment option. Your surgeon will perform bariatric surgery if your weight loss efforts through lifestyle changes and medications have been unsuccessful.
Two types of bariatric surgery
There are two types of restricting procedures for bariatric surgery that minimize the size of the stomach so that after surgery a person feels complete quickly.
Around one cup of food is kept in the stomach. Four to six cups carry a regular stomach. Malabsorptive operations in the small intestine limit the intake of calories. An intravenous line will be initiated prior to the treatment. Bariatric surgery involves general anesthesia that puts you to sleep, putting a breathing tube through your mouth and through your windpipe to help you relax through the operation for the duration of the treatment.
There are four types of operations that are commonly offered to patients:
- Adjustable gastric banding
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch
- Vertical sleeve gastrectomy
Adjustable gastric banding bariatric surgery
Adjustable gastric band surgery is also referred to as lap band surgery, a minimally invasive operation that has the benefits of minimized painless hospital time and shorter recovery.
It's not recommended for people with autoimmune disease as they can't put a foreign body in their body. This minimally invasive procedure can be done laparoscopically or with robotic assistance. The Lap-Band is a silicone elastomer ring that is placed laparoscopically around the upper part of the stomach. The ring is filled with saline on the inner surface the lap band is then connected to an access port that is placed beneath the skin during surgery.
The surgeon is able to adjust the lap band by adding or subtracting saline inside the inner balloon via the access port.
This ability to adjust the lap band helps drive the rate of weight loss if weight loss is inadequate as a result of a loose lap band the surgeon will add more saline to reduce the size of the opening and further restrict the amount of food that can move through it.
If the band is too tight the surgeon will loosen the band by removing some saline thus reducing the amount of restriction. Most patients can go home the same day and are back to work within 24 to 48 hours of the surgery.
The procedure is effective with patients typically losing about 40-50% of excess weight maintaining a diet high in protein and healthy fats are crucial to the success of the surgery.
Potential complications
There are risks of band erosion, leakage, migration/slippage, or displacement from the port. There could also be tubing-related complications, such as kinking of disconnection from the port. There is also the risk of port-site infection.
Sleeve Gastrectomy Producer
The sleeve gastrectomy is a restrictive procedure that limits the amount of food you can eat by reducing the size of your stomach. To gain access to the abdominal cavity small incisions are created on the abdomen trocars which serve as passageways for the surgical instruments are placed into the incisions. Surgical instruments are passed through the trocars to access the abdominal cavity.
The surgeon examines the abdomen using a laparoscope or video camera. The average human stomach can expand to hold around 1 to 1.5 liters of food while in the stomach food is combined with digestive enzymes to help break down the food into a simpler form so that it can be more easily digested and absorbed once in the small bowel
During sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery
Bariatric Surgery At Sleeve Gastrectomy
A thin vertical sleeve is formed by using a stapling system during a sleeve gastrectomy. Usually, this sleeve can accommodate from 50 and 150 milliliters which is around a banana's size.
The excised part of the stomach is removed and about 1/10 of what the stomach was able to support before is able to hold the freshly formed gastric sleeve. Before getting full of bile and pancreatic juices, this narrower abdominal sleeve limits the amount of food you can consume. Mix it with food from the liver to pancreas and allow it to be fully digested and absorbed into the intestine. As in all other weight loss operations, there is no rerouting of the small intestine or post-operative modifications required for sleeve gastrectomy.
In assessing the long-term effectiveness of the treatment, behaviour change and dietary conformity play a vital role. To assess the individual risks, all surgery poses risks such as weight, age, and medical records.
Ask your doctor if bariatric surgery is right for you.
Potential complications
Stomach ulcers can form in you. Complications such as leakage from staple lines or tissue divergence that have been stapled or stitched together can be caused by stomach staples. There may be pain related to the stomach, such as heartburn, fatigue, or belching. It is possible to induce involuntary contractions of the esophagus
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure bariatric surgery
Gastric bypass is technically referred to as roux and why gastric bypass is both a restrictive and malabsorptive procedure because it reduces the size of the stomach and decreases the absorption of calories in the small intestine. During the gastric bypass procedure, your surgeon will use surgical staples to create a small compartment that will serve as your new stomach. This pouch will hold about one cup of food the lower portion of the stomach continues to secret digestive juices but does not receive food next.
During Roux-en-Y gastric bypass bariatric surgery
Your surgeon will cut the small intestine well beyond the stomach and bring one free end up and attach it to the pouch. The surgeon will then attach the other free end lower down on the small intestine creating a wide shape by bypassing the lower stomach and the first part of the small intestine. Fewer calories will be absorbed as food passes through this new pathway banding techniques are restrictive procedures.
They help decrease food intake in two ways by shrinking the stomach to a small pouch and by making a tiny opening from the pouch to the rest of the stomach, food moves slowly through this opening.
For all methods of bariatric surgery, your surgeon will close your incisions with staples or stitches. After your procedure, your breathing tube will be removed and you will be taken to the recovery area for monitoring. You will be given pain relief medication and your diet will be gradually advanced over several days.
Biliopancreatic Diversion with a Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS)
Also called the duodenal switch, this three-stage procedure involves the removal of a large part of the stomach which makes the patient feel full after eating only a small meal, followed by re-routing of the small intestines to prevent food absorption. The third step involves changing how bile and other digestive juices affect the process of digesting and absorbing calories.
Potential complications
There is a period of intestinal adaptation when bowel movements can be very liquid and frequent. This condition may lessen over time but maybe a permanent condition. You may also experience bloating, gas, and malodorous stool. Lifelong vitamin supplementation is required, and close lifelong monitoring for protein malnutrition, anemia and bone disease is recommended. Changes to the intestinal structure can result in the increased risk of gallstone formation and the need for removal of the gallstone. You may experience “dumping syndrome” as food moves rapidly through your small intestine
Bariatric Surgeon team
The Bariatric Surgeon Team is going to be there for you when you undergo this life-changing event. Your health management staff includes not just your surgeon and nurse, but also other health providers, such as a dietitian, psychologist or psychiatrist, physiologist, and your primary care physician. This team will help you brace for surgery and support you through your rehabilitation and the long term.
Benefits of Bariatric surgery
When you lose weight a lot of medical problems go away and the biggest medical problem is diabetes that's the one that's really been shown to go away in bariatric patients and about 80% of bariatric patients diabetes will go away 100% and in the remaining patients it will be reduced but other things that bariatric surgery can help is asthma, high blood pressure . If your cholesterol and triglycerides are up then bariatric surgery can have certainly help make those things normalized.
Sleep apnea is another condition that bariatric surgery can treat as you start to lose weight. Patients often their CPAP pressures will go down. till the day that they can walk away from their CPAP machine and they can sleep you know free of snoring free of a mask.
bariatric surgery has been used to prevent the incidence of cancer.so it's things that maybe you have today that will go away with bariatric surgery.
Recovery After bariatric surgery
For a few days, you will stay in the hospital, where you will eat a strict liquid diet and be watched for any immediate symptoms.
You will be given specific dietary guidelines upon discharge. You will be allowed to add soft or pureed sources of protein to your liquid diet, based on the type of operation you have had, about 10 to 14 days after surgery, which will then steadily work up to a solid food diet 5 to 6 weeks after your surgery.
Please keep in mind that you can undergo certain unexpected changes to the body following surgery, such as scarring or loose skin, in addition to the health advantages of bariatric surgery. Depending of the sort of surgery you had, your scars can be of different sizes or shapes. If you are concerned about scarring, talk to the health professionals and they will be able to recommend tips to minimize scarring. When they lose weight, most people who have bariatric surgery report loose skin.
For some, this may be temporary. The amount of loose skin depends on many factors, including how much weight you lose, your genetics, age, smoking history, and whether you exercise. Clothing or compression garments can often hide loose skin. But, if the extra skin bothers you, discuss options with your healthcare team to see if plastic surgery may be an option for you.
As you begin to lose weight and gain strength, members of your team will help you take the next steps to recover fully. They may refer you to support groups or exercise facilities in your community.
Studies have shown that patients who have frequent, face-to-face contact with their healthcare team are most successful in achieving and maintaining their goals.
You will most likely need to see your healthcare team for follow-up appointments every 3 to 6 months, and then every 1 to 2 years after that. It’s important to remember that the decision to have bariatric surgery is the first step in a lifelong commitment to your health, so follow-up care is recommended for life.
Conclusion
Bariatric surgery is a reasonably safe and effective method of weight loss for the treatment of morbid obesity and is more effective when combined with nutritional care, which is sometimes complex, always ongoing, and differs between surgical procedures. While bariatric procedures influence the volume of food consumed, none of the procedures necessarily improve the quality of food consumed or compliance with recommended supplement usage, leaving nutrition care and food choice important lifelong considerations. Ongoing coordinated care by the GP that links with the bariatric dietitian and others in the health management team maximizes the benefits and health outcomes for the patient through ongoing monitoring of nutritional status, prevention of nutrient deficiencies and maximizing long term weight loss.